{"id":17421,"date":"2024-07-17T01:37:12","date_gmt":"2024-07-17T01:37:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/centam.ardecom.com\/?page_id=17421"},"modified":"2026-03-25T15:15:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T15:15:46","slug":"attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/centam.ca\/en\/learning-disability\/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"17421\" class=\"elementor elementor-17421 elementor-16101\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03a40a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"03a40a2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-114bb31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"114bb31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"container\" data-elementor-id=\"14803\" class=\"elementor elementor-14803\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a0e6c37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a0e6c37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f9f129c e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f9f129c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67d11c39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"67d11c39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20a4ba12 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"20a4ba12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cecb002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cecb002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tADHD is a neurologically based disorder. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5e0a9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a5e0a9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdf0418 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"fdf0418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Aucun titre n\\u2019a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 trouv\\u00e9 sur cette page.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;,&quot;h6&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__fdf0418\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__fdf0418\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__fdf0418\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e27c28a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e27c28a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)<\/h2>\n<h3>Definition and Diagnostic Criteria<\/h3>\n<p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) criteria have been established by the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5-TR\u00ae, 2022) and the World Health Organization (ICD-11, 2022). These criteria are developed by a panel of experts, including researchers and clinicians, based on scientific evidence to create precise diagnostic guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>ADHD is a neurologically based disorder. It is not caused by intellectual delays, sensory deficits (e.g., vision or hearing impairments), social issues, lack of effort, or motivation on the part of the individual. It is also not due to inadequate parenting, temporary immaturity, or emotional disorders. Consequently, simply expecting the child or adult to try harder will not eliminate or correct the disorder.<\/p>\n<p>ADHD is a chronic condition that persists throughout life. According to scientific literature, 3\u20136% of children and adults may have ADHD, yet less than a third of them receive a formal diagnosis.<\/p>\n<h3>What is ADHD?<\/h3>\n<p>ADHD is a cluster of symptoms that significantly disrupt social (family and peer relationships), academic, or professional functioning. ADHD can be categorized into three major subtypes:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Predominantly Inattentive Type<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Individuals with attention deficits struggle to stay focused on tasks (e.g., listening in class, completing homework, reading, or following a conversation) for extended periods (15 minutes or more). Their thoughts often wander into daydreams. Children and adults with this subtype are easily distracted by their surroundings (e.g., the sound of a car, a pencil dropping, or the ticking of a clock).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hyperactivity:<\/strong> Individuals with this subtype find it challenging to stay still. They often fidget, squirm, and have difficulty sitting still, playing, or completing tasks quietly. As a result, they frequently get up even in situations where staying seated is required (e.g., in class or during meetings). They may also struggle to stop talking, which can sometimes make them appear socially immature.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impulsivity:<\/strong> These individuals act hastily, often without thinking. They may start tasks or activities without fully understanding the instructions and struggle to wait their turn (e.g., in conversations, games, or lines). They may also blurt out thoughts they later regret.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Combined Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive Type<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>These individuals exhibit symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.<\/p>\n<h3>Origins of ADHD<\/h3>\n<p>ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a neurological origin, linked to neurochemical imbalances in brain regions responsible for self-regulation, sustained alertness, and attention. Evidence suggests a strong hereditary component. ADHD can also arise following encephalitis, traumatic brain injury, or premature birth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ADHD and Learning Disorders<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ADHD is a significant cause of learning difficulties and can lead to substantial challenges in social integration, both in school and the workplace. Depending on the severity and nature of the deficit, ADHD can delay academic progress in areas such as reading, writing, and mathematics.<\/p>\n<p>Attention is a key gateway to learning. Without it, individuals cannot process, analyze, understand, or remember information effectively. Children with ADHD may miss foundational academic skills, which are essential for acquiring new knowledge. If ADHD is not properly identified and addressed with tailored intervention plans, individuals may underperform relative to their true potential.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, many children, adolescents, and even university students face academic challenges due to undiagnosed ADHD. Similarly, workers with ADHD may fail to reach their full potential.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Role of Neuropsychology in Identifying ADHD<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Neuropsychologists use structured interviews and questionnaires aligned with the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 criteria to identify ADHD symptoms. These symptoms must be present in at least two settings (e.g., home, school, or work) and must have emerged before the age of 12. Importantly, symptoms should not be attributable to intellectual delays, psychiatric conditions, or emotional disorders, though these can coexist with ADHD.<\/p>\n<p>A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation can clarify the nature of attention deficits. Attention comprises various components, some of which may function well while others are impaired in individuals with ADHD. Identifying specific deficits is crucial, as they may require different interventions. These components include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Selective Attention:<\/strong> The ability to focus on relevant information (e.g., paying attention in class) while ignoring irrelevant stimuli.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sustained Attention:<\/strong> The capacity to maintain focus on a single task (e.g., listening to a teacher, reading, or doing homework) over time.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Divided Attention:<\/strong> The ability to manage multiple tasks simultaneously (e.g., listening to a teacher while following an exercise in a workbook).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Differentiating ADHD from Other Disorders<\/h3>\n<p>Neuropsychological evaluations can also identify other conditions that often coexist with ADHD but might otherwise go unnoticed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Learning Disorders:<\/strong> ADHD can impair academic success. It is crucial to determine whether academic difficulties are due to ADHD or another learning disorder, such as dyslexia. Approximately 50% of individuals with dyslexia also have ADHD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Executive Function Disorders:<\/strong> Many individuals with ADHD struggle with planning and organization, which constitute learning disorders in their own right. For example, they may find it challenging to structure and organize tasks, plan schedules, or manage time effectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>ADHD in Women and Girls: Recognizing Underdiagnosed Symptoms<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>ADHD in adults, particularly in women and girls, often presents in ways that differ from the more widely recognized patterns typically observed in boys and men. This contributes to significant underdiagnosis, delayed identification, and frequent misattributions of symptoms. Many individuals first receive an evaluation in adolescence or adulthood, often after longstanding academic, organizational, or emotional challenges.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most common presentations involves predominantly inattentive symptoms, which are less disruptive in classroom or workplace settings. Difficulties sustaining focus, organizing tasks, managing time, or completing multi-step activities are common symptoms of ADHD in adults and may be interpreted as personality traits rather than potential indicators of ADHD. As a result, concerns such as forgetfulness, distractibility, or disorganization are sometimes mistaken for lack of motivation or inconsistent effort.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Women and girls may also experience internal hyperactivity, characterized by mental restlessness, racing thoughts, or a persistent sense of being overwhelmed. Because this pattern is less outwardly visible than motor hyperactivity, it may go unnoticed by teachers, employers, or even family members. Many individuals develop compensatory strategies\u2014such as over-preparation, excessive effort, or perfectionism\u2014to mask these difficulties, often at the cost of significant fatigue or burnout.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another factor influencing identification is the role of hormonal fluctuations, including puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and perimenopause. These periods may heighten challenges with attention, working memory, and emotional regulation, sometimes prompting an evaluation later in life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Common signs of ADHD in women\u2014often overlooked\u2014include chronic disorganization, difficulty prioritizing tasks, frequent lateness, heightened sensitivity to stress, and a tendency to appear \u201cchatty,\u201d \u201cemotional,\u201d or easily overwhelmed. A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation helps distinguish these manifestations from mood-related concerns or personality traits, providing a clearer understanding of the individual\u2019s cognitive profile.<\/p>\n<h3>Intervention and Support<\/h3>\n<p>Once ADHD is formally identified, neuropsychological assessments can guide the development of tailored intervention plans. These interventions address ADHD-related challenges at home, school, and work, as well as secondary difficulties, such as academic delays.<\/p>\n<p>Through neuropsychological evaluations, individuals with ADHD can access appropriate support and resources, helping them reach their full potential.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of contents &nbsp; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Definition and Diagnostic Criteria Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) criteria have been established by the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5-TR\u00ae, 2022) and the World Health Organization (ICD-11, 2022). These criteria are developed by a panel of experts, including researchers and clinicians, based on scientific evidence to create [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":17343,"menu_order":39,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17421","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity | ADHD In Adults | Centam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore ADHD in adults and signs of ADHD: attention, impulsivity, impacts, and what documentation a neuropsychological assessment can provide. 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